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| * [[Pediatrics]] | | * [[Pediatrics]] |
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| <div class="mw-message-box" style="background-color:#fadbc1;">
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| <div class="card-header">
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| <h1>KEY CONCEPTS</h1>
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| <div class="card-body">
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| <ul>
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| <li>Cranial dysraphisms range in severity from minimally symptomatic dermal sinus tracts to large encephaloceles.</li>
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| <li>The overall incidence of encephaloceles is declining, possibly due to dietary folate supplementation.</li>
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| <li>Encephaloceles can occur in various sites and exhibit variation in size, shape, and contents.</li>
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| <li>Prenatal diagnosis of encephaloceles is common, typically confirmed by elevated α-fetoprotein levels and ultrasound.</li>
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| <li>Surgical repair of extreme herniation may not provide significant benefits and requires counseling and consultation.</li>
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| <li>Surgical treatment aims to reduce herniation, preserve viable brain, and reconstruct craniofacial defects.</li>
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| <li>Prognosis varies based on factors specific to the location and anatomy of the encephalocele.</li>
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| <li>Cranial meningoceles can occur in diverse locations, and complete excision with primary dural closure leads to a good prognosis.</li>
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| <li>Dermal sinus tracts present as cutaneous dimples and are often associated with a cyst. Total en bloc resection is the management goal.</li>
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| <li>Complete resections of dermal sinus tracts have a favorable prognosis and low recurrence rates.</li>
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| </ul>
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| </div>
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| </div>
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